The following is a study on
the Roman doctrines on Mary
and its development over the
centuries. Before I do
that, it is necessary to
make the different stance
the Evangelical Churches and
the Roman Catholic Churches
and the Eastern Churches
have over certain
fundamental issues.
Primacy of Peter and
the Roman Catholic Monopoly
The basic stand of the Roman
Church is that Roman Church
is the Catholic Church and
has the monopoly of the
deposit and revelation of
Christianity. The Roman
Church therefore claims that
all other Churches wherever
they are, are subject to the
Roman Pope. They have
always held that those
outside of the Roman
Catholic Church have no
salvation. This is based on
the assumption that Jesus
proclaimed that he will
build the church on Peter
and the Keys of heaven and
hades are given over to
Peter. It is also assumed
that Peter was the first
pontiff of Rome. Right
from the late third century
when such claims were voiced
Eastern Churches vehemently
objected to it. Until such
claims were made all bishops
were considered equal in
authority over the
congregation they had the
oversee. No bishop made any
claim over any other. Thus
we see that the first
Council was held in
Jerusalem and Rome had no
voice over it. It was
James, the bishop of
Jerusalem who presided over
the council to accept the
gentiles into the Christian
fold.(Act 15) Peter, Paul,
John and probably many other
Apostles were still alive at
that time.
There is no reliable
historical document to
support the contention that
Peter ever was the Bishop of
Rome for that matter. Paul
clearly states that James,
Peter and John (notice the
order) agreed that the trio
were not given the task of
preaching the gospel to the
gentiles. That was given to
Paul.
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Gal 2:7-9 On the
contrary, they
saw that I had
been entrusted
with the task of
preaching the
gospel to the
Gentiles, just
as Peter had
been to the
Jews. For God,
who was at work
in the ministry
of Peter as an
apostle to the
Jews, was also
at work in my
ministry as an
apostle to the
Gentiles. James,
Peter and John,
those reputed to
be pillars, gave
me and Barnabas
the right hand
of fellowship
when they
recognized the
grace given to
me. They agreed
that we should
go to the
Gentiles, and
they to the
Jews. |
Peter was indeed
reprimanded for some of his
views.(Gal 2:11 When Peter
came to Antioch, I opposed
him to his face, because he
was clearly in the wrong.)
Apart from these historical
matter, the interpretation
of the passages in the Bible
claiming the Primacy of
Peter is a matter of
theological dispute. These
differences make a
difference in the way
doctrines and practices were
developed within the Roman
Catholic Church in contrast
to other Churches. The
Second Vatican Council's
Decree on Ecumenism
Explains,
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" For it is
through Christ's
Catholic Church
alone, which is
the universal
help towards
salvation, that
fullness of the
means of
salvation can be
obtained. It
was to the
apostolic
college alone,
of which Peter
is the head,
that we believe
that our Lord
entrusted all
the blessings of
the New
Covenant, in
order to
establish on
earth the one
Body of Christ
into which all
those should be
fully
incorporated who
belong in any
way to the
People of God." |
This explains the stand of
the Roman Church. However
it also accept the fact that
any group of people who
believe in Jesus even if
they are not under the Roman
Church are part of the body
of Christ and forms part of
the Universal Church of
God. This is more like the
Baquara Tribe of South Sudan
who claim that all cattle in
the whole world belong to
them because in the
beginning when God created,
they were given all the
cattle..
Roman Church is beyond
Written Scriptures
Following the argument, the
Roman Church considers it as
the Church and it has the
authority and prerogative to
present new doctrines and
practices without regard to
written scripture.
Evidently apart from the
written scripture, there
were many teachings that
were orally transmitted.
This is specially true
regarding the practices of
the church. However right
from the first century there
were theological problems,
heresies and practical
problems which were
addressed to by the writers
of the scripture.
Scriptures were written so
that there may be a reliable
document of reference and
for refuting heresies that
rose even at the time of the
Apostles. They therefore
give a very vivid
understanding of what was
going on during that period.
It should be made clear now
that after the Apostolic
period such deposits were
not given to anyone.
Apostolic succession does
not follow any doctrinal or
practical revelation outside
of what had been given by
the Apostles themselves.
The deviation from early
faith started even during
the time of the Apostles.
Scriptures were written so
that the basic principles
could be codified. It is
here non-roman Churches
differ considerably. All
other churches believe that
all revelations are complete
in Christ Jesus and
therefore no new revelations
are possible beyond that
period. What is remaining
is only illumination of the
given word under the
guidance of the Holy Spirit
which cannot abrogate any
earlier revelation that was
once and for all delivered
to the saints. All new
revelations are to be
verified against the written
word. {Act 17:11 Now the
Bereans were of more noble
character than the
Thessalonians, for they
received the message with
great eagerness and examined
the Scriptures every day to
see if what Paul said was
true.} This is the stand of
all Evangelical Churches.
Paul reiterates this concept
in
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1 Gal 1:6-9
I am
astonished that
you are so
quickly
deserting the
one who called
you by the grace
of Christ and
are turning to a
different gospel
which is really
no gospel at
all. Evidently
some people are
throwing you
into confusion
and are trying
to pervert the
gospel of
Christ. But even
if we or an
angel from
heaven should
preach a gospel
other than the
one we preached
to you, let him
be eternally
condemned! As we
have already
said, so now I
say again: If
anybody is
preaching to you
a gospel other
than what you
accepted, let
him be eternally
condemned! |
In contrast,
|
the Roman
Catechism
states:" The
Roman Pontiff,
head of the
college of
bishops, enjoys,
this
infallibility in
virtue of his
office as
supreme pastor
and teacher of
all the
faithful- who
confirms his
brethren in the
faith - he
proclais by a
definitive act a
doctrine
pertaining to
faith or
morals.... the
infallibility
promised to the
Church is also
present in the
body of bishops
when, together
with Peter's
successor, they
exercise the
supreme
Magisterium."
above all in an
Ecuminical
Council. When
the Church
through its
supreme
Magisterium
proposes a
doctrine "for
belief as being
devinely
revealed", and
as the teaching
of Christ, the
definitions
"must be adhered
to with the
obedience of
faith." This
infallibility
extends as far
as the deposit
of divine
Revelation
itself." |
But the biblical picture of
the Church is far from the
Roman Catholic Church in
terms of doctrine,
authority and practice.
These changes came into
effect due to changes in the
socio-political situations
in which the Church was
placed. The contention that
I make in these articles is
that this is what happened
even in the Marian Doctrine.
The claim of Roman Church is
that because it is the
authority of the Church, it
alone has the authority to
interpret the scriptures.
It also has a deposit of
faith with it from where
other teachings can be
brought out. The written
scripture is only a part of
the revelation and the rest
of the revelation is handed
down to the Church from one
Pope to the other starting
from Peter. This contention
is certainly false because
we know that no such oral
transmission was made from
one Pope to the other. Even
if it was made, some
characters of the Popes in
the series were abominable
that we cannot trust their
transmission. Papacy was
more or less a power
politics and not election of
God many times. Therefore a
doctrinal assertion by the
Roman Pontiff cannot be in
itself valid just because of
the Office. Remember Peter
was told by Jesus that he
was one of the small rock
and on the true unchanging
Rock of Jesus himself the
church will be built. But
within a few minutes of such
statement to Peter, he
called Peter "Satan".
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Mat. 16:23 Jesus
turned and said
to Peter, "Get
behind me,
Satan! You are a
stumbling block
to me; you do
not have in mind
the things of
God, but the
things of men." |
If ever Jesus called anyone
Satan, it was Peter - not
even Judas Iscariot was
called thus. Was Jesus
building his Church on
Satan?. If the church is
built on Papacy, it
apparently is. The later
developement of the throne
of Peter has justified the
prophecy of Jesus.
In this article I am trying
to trace the subtlety
through which the doctrine
evolved from its early
period. heresy that is
being perpetuated over the
centuries. "you do not have
in mind the things of God,
but the things of men". As
anyone can see the process
of deification of Mary start
from the Roman pagan cults.
When Christianity became the
official religion of Rome,
in order to satisfy the
popular mass so that there
could be “One Country, One
Religion”, Roman Church
compromised with the then
current power religions and
formed a syncretic
religion. They were able to
fool the Christians within
the Church by garbing the
heresy in absurd
terminology. In time we
are able to see that this
garb is unveiled in steps -
ever so small steps - to
reveal the true intent. The
reasoning behind every step
is that the Church is the
deposit of faith. Every
century the Roman church
therefore brings out new
revelations and sticks it up
as “we have always
believed”. Out comes the
rabbit out of the hat. The
Eastern Churches for a long
time believed this lie and
is now recognizing their
errors and is standing on
the revealed and writted
word of God refusing to
accept any further
corruption as revealed in
the announcement of
Patriarchs around the
world. This will probably
delay the final deification
process of Mary.
But then the Roman Catholic
Church because it is the
only "True" Church and
because it has the "only"
Apostolic Tradition which is
equal in authority or
greater in authority than
the written scriptures has
the authority also to
nullify or abandon or change
these traditions.
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"In the light of
Tradition, these
traditions can
be retained,
modified or even
abandoned under
the guidance of
the Church's
magisterium" -
Catechism of
Catholic Church |
In other words there is no
faith which has ever been
handed down to our fathers
once and for all. It is only
the church - and therefore
the Pope with his college of
cardinals that decide what
is right and what is wrong.
There is no higher
arbitration available to
mankind. It also boils down
to a simple uncertainity in
the Chrisitian faith and
doctrines at all levels. The
Roman Catholic Church can
decide what is truth. It is
this contention that the
evangelicals and other
apostolic traditions
consider false and
detrimental. It is nothing
but heresy in Paul's terms.
And that is what we got in
the process of Marian
Theology.